Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
Caring is the central focus in nursing, as a discipline and profession. However, caring can be agreed as a multidimensional concept in the framework of practice and perception. There appears to be a conflicting definition of what is caring really. As such, the development of a middle range theory was realized as anchored on the unitary-transformative paradigm. It is important that caring is defined in various context which should establish a common underpinnings and bases. In the context of this theory, human beings remains in constant mutual relationship with the environment, which is considered an extension of the entire Universe, thus, we participate consciously in various orders, patters, and dynamics as how we perceive it. As such, caring becomes a mutual concept of the individual to his or her immediate surroundings following an established set of guidelines and protocols. More so, this theory asserts that caring is also a process which involves the holistic nature of the human person that helps derive the potentialities and possibilities ascribes to it. Adding to that, caring is a concept brought about by affirming our minuscule existence in the entirety of the pan-dimensional Universe. Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
Structural Components
Assumptions of the unitary theory of caring come from Rogers’s science of unitary human beings (1970, 1994), Newman’s theory of health as expanding consciousness (1994, 2008), and Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring (1985, 2005; Watson & Smith, 2002). To fully understand the meaning of the theory, readers will benefit from studying these sources.
· Human beings are unitary or irreducible, in mutual process with an environment that is coextensive with the Universe, participating knowingly in patterning, and ever-evolving through expanding consciousness (Barrett, 1989; Newman, 1994; Rogers, 1992). Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
· Caring is a quality of participating knowingly in human–environmental field patterning (M. C. Smith, 1999).
· Caring is the process through which human wholeness is affirmed and that potentiates the emergence of innovative patterning and possibilities (Cowling et al., 2008, E44).
· Caring is a manifestation and reflection of expanding consciousness potentiating greater meaning, insight, and transformative ways of relating to self and others (Cowling et al., Smith, & Watson, 2008).
· Caring consciousness is resonating with the pandimensional universe (Rogers, 1994; Watson, 2005; Watson & Smith, 2002). Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
Concepts After establishing the theoretical linkages to the unitary-transformative paradigm, the five concepts of this theory are explicated. The five concepts were developed from an analysis of literature on caring and similar concepts described by unitary scholars. The theoretical concepts have their underpinnings in each of the assumptions.
· Manifesting intentions is the first concept in the unitary theory of caring; it was originally defined as creating, holding, and expressing thoughts, feelings, images, beliefs, desires, will, purpose and actions that affirm possibilities for human health and healing (Smith, 1999).
· Appreciating pattern is the second concept in this theory. It is apprehending and understanding the mysteries of human wholeness and diversity with awe. Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
· Attuning to dynamic flow is the third concept in this unitary theory of caring. Attuning to dynamic flow is sensing of where to place focus and attention in mutual process. It was originally described as “dancing to the rhythms within continuous mutual process” (M. C. Smith, 1999, p. 23).
· Experiencing the infinite this concept is defined as “pandimensional awareness of coextensiveness with the universe occurring in the context of human relating” (M. C. Smith, 1999, p. 24).
· Inviting creative emergence it is attending the birth of innovative, emergent patterning through affirming the potential for change, nurturing the awareness of possibilities, imagining new directions, and clarifying hopes and dreams.
The following are propositional statements that further clarify concepts of the theory. Manifesting intention is:
•Preparing self to participate knowingly in cocreating an environment for healing.
•Focusing images, thoughts and intentions for health and healing.
•Expressing intentions in actions that support health and healing. Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
Appreciating pattern is:
•Seeing wholeness in perceived fragmentation. •Valuing uniqueness and diversity of patterning with wonder. •Acknowledging what is without attempting to change or fix. •Exploring what is meaningful in the moment. •Coming to know by listening to the other’s story.
Attuning to dynamic flow is:
•Being truly present in the flow of relating. •Attending to the subtleties of meaning. •Synchronizing rhythms of self with other. •Trusting intuition in the mutual process.
Experiencing the infinite is:
•Acknowledging the sacred in human relating. •Believing in limitless possibilities. •Igniting hope in despair. •Connecting to a pandimensional universe.
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Inviting creative emergence is:
•Honoring the unique timing, pace and direction of change. •Calling attention to possibilities and potentialities hidden from view. •Inspiring new life to emerge in the moment. •Trusting in the wisdom of knowing one’s own way. Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
Functional Components
The theory focuses holistic knowing from the unitary perspective. There exist two main functional components for the unitary caring theory.1. Human beings.The humans make manifest of the capabilities it can project relative to caring and establishing this linkage requires a satisfactory level of interaction with one another to attain the overall goal of nursing and the health care system. 2. Pan-dimensional environment (Universe) Humans are merely a miniscule partition of the entire Universe. The perceivable and knowing environment, as we know it, is the extension of the pan-dimensional Un Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
Relationship between Structure and Function
Assumptions of the unitary theory of caring come from Rogers’s science of unitary human beings (1970, 1994), Newman’s theory of health as expanding consciousness (1994, 2008), and Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring (1985, 2005; Watson & Smith, 2002). To fully understand the meaning of the theory, readers will benefit from studying these sources. Concepts are explained clearly one by one, are consistent, well contained in the theory and do not differentiated into sub concepts, a very Complex to other areas packed with great information and requires vast amount of time. It Gave so many information but the ideas in different parts of the theory does not decrease the clarity. Watson and Smith5 refer to a unitary caring science that evolves from frameworks fitting within the unitary-transformative paradigm. They also differentiate between transformation and transcendence in their description of a caring moment as potentiating a new human-environmental field pattern arising from a mutual process. They depict human kind as transformative in nature and a unitary caring science that transcends all duality Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
Diagram of the Theory
Concepts were developed from an analysis of literature on caring and similar concepts described by unitary scholars. Watson and Smith5 place the frameworks of both transpersonal caring science and the science of unitary human beings under the umbrella of a unitary-transformative paradigm reflecting the “universal oneness and connectedness of all.”(p459) Although they do not refer to wholeness in their explication of a synthesized view, they refer to the unitary nature of the universe, which is congruent, if not synonymous, with wholeness. They acknowledge “the unitary, transpersonal, evolving nature of humankind, both immanent and transcendent with the evolving universe.”(p459) They speak of a unitary caring science that is deeply relational, transcending duality and invoking the infinite. In addition, they refer to a type of consciousness—transcending time, space, and physicality—that is “open and continuous with the evolving unitary consciousness of the universe.”(p459) The theory is not Visually presented and there was no original diagram for the theory alone. Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
Circle of Contagiousness
The concept was developed on the basis of reviewing the philosophical and theoretical literature on caring in nursing, identifying meanings from this body of literature, and classifying and naming them within a unitary perspective. A decade later, it is important to reflect on this anew and begin to develop theory-practice connections for unitary caring. If we embrace a model of caring from a unitary perspective, we need to delineate the essential ontological competencies19 that emerge from it. The term ontological competencies has been used by Watson,26 who refers to ontological artistry as the creative work in nursing that reflects the sacred acts of caring and healing. Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
The unitary theory of caring developed while studying the literature on caring in nursing, and then analyzing this literature through the theoretical lens of the science of unitary human beings. Some hospitals are slowly beginning to adopt caring philosophies. Certain hospitals such as Saint Anne’s Hospital, have adopted caring theories and applied it to their hospital practices, and especially in their nursing practice Goal or Purpose of the theory in nursing
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