Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from Ukraine
The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight in Ukrainian children. The study took the format of a cross-sectional design where a representative sample of 13,739 was taken for the children. Measures taken from the children included body weight and height and the Body Mass Index (BMI) obtained from these. Results were interpreted based on standards of the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO).Results indicated that 12.1% of children are underweight, 17.6% overweight and 12.6% obese among children aged 12 to 18 years. More of the young populations are obese than the old in the country. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Ukrainian children is higher than the average for Europe that stands at 30%. However, compared to the US, 18.5% obesity in children, Ukraine children are less obese. Included in the article are measures that would help reduce the prevalence of overweight at a national level (Dereń et al., 2018). Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
This article is relatively relevant to an average reader in the US. While it does not indicate the impact of the high rate of overweight and obesity, it shows that the US leads the world in cases of obesity and overweight. It has the capacity to influence group decision making more than individual based decisions. The article left out the most relevant information such as factors that have contributed to the high rate of overweight and obesity among children in Ukraine. Another important information that would have been included in the article are measures to control the overweight epidemic at an individual level (Dietz et al., 2015). Another important information would be methods to determine one’s weight status to determine if they are safe or not. Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
References
Dereń, K., Nyankovskyy, S., Nyankovska, O., Łuszczki, E., Wyszyńska, J., Sobolewski, M., & Mazur, A. (2018). The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from Ukraine. Scientific reports, 8(1), 3625.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-21773-4 (Links to an external site.)
Dietz, W. H., Baur, L. A., Hall, K., Puhl, R. M., Taveras, E. M., Uauy, R., & Kopelman, P. (2015). Management of obesity: improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care. The Lancet, 385(9986), 2521-2533.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673614617487 Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
Chamberlain Program Outcomes
· PO #1: Provide high quality, safe, patient-centered care grounded in holistic health principles (Holistic Health & Patient-Centered Care)
AACN MSN Essentials
· Essential I: Background for Practice from Sciences and Humanities
NONPF Core Competencies
· Scientific Foundation Competencies
· Technology and Information Literacy Competencies Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
I have learned a lot of understanding and knowledge of epidemiological and statistical concepts. It is stated in the course overview, “epidemiology is an important tool in the Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) arsenal for providing effective and fiscally responsible healthcare to individuals and populations.” With that being said, this course has given me the necessary tools and knowledge to meet the MSN Essential II and NP Core Competencies #2. Program Outcome #4 is regarding quality improvement and safety, the integration of scholarship into practice, and promoting the health of populations through prevention (AACN, 2011). I was able to achieve Program Outcome #4 through the case studies presented each week. Each case required a list of possible differentials to include pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment options. Each case required critical thinking and the use of current research. Quality improvement and safety were promoted with evidenced-based research offering current evidenced-based treatment options to incorporate into daily practice. Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
Exemplar II: NR 505 Advance Research Methods Week 5
The research PICO question;
P = How effective is the incorporation of massage therapy compared to the sole use of opioids in the management of chronic pain among the elderly with chronic non-cancer pain seeking help in a primary healthcare setting?
I = Intervention—Massage therapy and opioid prescription
C = Control or Comparison— what is the effectiveness of massage therapy versus Opioid use for chronic pain.
O = Outcome — The acceptable pain level will less than 3. Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
T = Time Frame – 3 months
The quantitative research approach that provides a summary of data gathered to support generalizations will be used. This approach allows for a broader study by taking a big number of subjects allowing generalization of results and also allowing for a greater level of accuracy and objectivity (Choy, 2014). For the study design to provide summaries of data that support generalizations, a few variables are tested on many cases using highly rigid prescribed procedures to ensure validity and reliability. Finally, keeping a distance from the subjects and ensuring they are unknown to him/her, the research can avoid personal bias (Choy, 2014). The research aims at studying the effectiveness of incorporation of massage therapy in pain management and the exclusive use of opioids, in primary health care. Consequently, we need measurable numerical descriptions of effectiveness rather than narratives and verbatim information given by a qualitative research approach (Choy, 2014). This will help create a highly precise relational model between the method of pain management used and the level of pain control achieved. Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
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The experimental design where the researcher manipulates the independent variable in some independent groups will be used in the study. The primary use of the experimental research design is to understand the causal relationship (Salazar, Crosby & DiClemente, 2015). Another hallmark of the experimental research design is the random selection of participants to be included in the groups available in the research making the treatment distributed among the participants (Harriss & Atkinson, 2015). Due to the repeatability of the experimental research design, results can be checked and verified for validity. The experimental design also allows for many variations that allow the researcher to tailor their experiment while still maintaining the design validity. The relative freedom of an experimental method may lead to results that are not applicable in real life situation if the researcher engages in too many hypotheticals (Harriss & Atkinson, 2015). Also, ethical considerations are very vital when the experimental methodology is applied in human subjects hence is not highly popular in health research (Bromley, Mikesell, Jones & Khodyakov, 2015). Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
Data quality is defined by validity, reliability, objectivity, integrity, relevance and completeness. To ensure the integrity of data, there will be a random selection of participants to avoid researcher bias. Careful provision of the treatments by first treating the administers will ensure the validity of data. To ensure generalizability, a relatively large number of participants will be recruited. Consistency in recording results will ensure the completeness of data.
References
Bromley, E., Mikesell, L., Jones, F., & Khodyakov, D. (2015). From subject to participant: Ethics and the evolving role of community in health research. American Journal of Public Health, 105(5), 900-908. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302403
Harriss, D. J., & Atkinson, G. (2015). Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2016 update. Int J Sports Med, 36(14), 1121-1124. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/2784/1/IJSM_HARRISS-14-15%20final%20draft.pdf Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
Salazar, L. F., Crosby, R. A., & DiClemente, R. J. (2015). Research methods in health promotion. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03630242.2014.932893
Choy, L. T. (2014). The strengths and weaknesses of research methodology: Comparison and complimentary between qualitative and quantitative approaches. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(4), 99-104. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/37208325/N0194399104.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1533581350&Signature=sTabQTLpQs%2BaUY6qNpYu77TDT40%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DThe_Strengths_and_Weaknesses_of_Research.pdf Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles
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